Gravitation Formulas
A complete list of gravitation formulas, covering Newton's law of gravitation, gravitational fields, orbital velocity, escape velocity, and Kepler's laws.
8 formulas. Use the interactive searcher to solve for any variable and convert units.
Open the interactive searcher →Newton's gravitation
F = G·m₁·m₂ / r²
F forceNG gravitational constantN·m²/kg²m₁ masskgm₂ masskgr distancem
Gravitational field
g = G·M / r²
g gravitational field strengthN/kgG gravitational constantN·m²/kg²M masskgr distancem
Gravitational PE (general)
U = −G·m₁·m₂ / r
U potential energyJG gravitational constantN·m²/kg²m₁ masskgm₂ masskgr distancem
Orbital velocity
v = √(G·M / r)
v orbital velocitym/sG gravitational constantN·m²/kg²M masskgr radiusm
Escape velocity
v_e = √(2·G·M / r)
v_e escape velocitym/sG gravitational constantN·m²/kg²M masskgr radiusm
Kepler's third law
T² = (4π²/G·M)·r³
T periodsG gravitational constantN·m²/kg²M masskgr orbital radiusm
Gravitational potential
V = −G·M / r
V gravitational potentialJ/kgG gravitational constantN·m²/kg²M masskgr distancem
Orbital period
T = 2π·√(r³ / (G·M))
T periodsr orbital radiusmG gravitational constantN·m²/kg²M masskg