Astrophysics Formulas
A complete list of astrophysics formulas, covering the Schwarzschild radius, Hubble's law, luminosity, and stellar brightness.
4 formulas. Use the interactive searcher to solve for any variable and convert units.
Open the interactive searcher →Schwarzschild radius
r_s = 2·G·M / c²
r_s Schwarzschild radiusmG gravitational constantN·m²/kg²M masskgc speed of lightm/s
Hubble's law
v = H₀·d
v recession velocitym/sH₀ Hubble constant1/sd distancem
Luminosity (inverse square)
b = L / (4π·d²)
b brightnessW/m²L luminosityWd distancem
Stellar luminosity
L = 4π·R²·σ·T⁴
L luminosityWR radiusmσ Stefan-Boltzmann constantW/(m²·K⁴)T temperatureK