Dynamics & Forces Formulas
A complete list of dynamics & forces formulas, covering Newton's laws, friction, drag, weight, tension, and circular-motion forces.
15 formulas. Use the interactive searcher to solve for any variable and convert units.
Open the interactive searcher →Newton's second law
F = m·a
F forceNm masskga accelerationm/s²
Weight
W = m·g
W weightNm masskgg gravitational accelerationm/s²
Friction force
f = μ·N
f friction forceNμ coefficient of frictionN normal forceN
Hooke's law
F = -k·x
F forceNk spring constantN/mx displacementm
Centripetal force
F = m·v² / r
F forceNm masskgv velocitym/sr radiusm
Centripetal acceleration
a = v² / r
a accelerationm/s²v velocitym/sr radiusm
Impulse
J = F·Δt = Δp
J impulseF forceNΔt timesΔp change in momentumkg·m/s
Tension (Atwood)
T = 2·m₁·m₂·g / (m₁+m₂)
T tensionNm₁ masskgm₂ masskgg gravitational accelerationm/s²
Inclined plane (parallel)
F = m·g·sinθ
F forceNm masskgg gravitational accelerationm/s²θ anglerad
Inclined plane (normal)
N = m·g·cosθ
N normal forceNm masskgg gravitational accelerationm/s²θ anglerad
Static friction (max)
f_s = μ_s·N
f_s static frictionNμ_s coefficient of static frictionN normal forceN
Drag force
F_d = ½·ρ·v²·C_d·A
F_d drag forceNρ densitykg/m³v velocitym/sC_d drag coefficientA aream²
Terminal velocity
v_t = √(2·m·g / (ρ·A·C_d))
v_t terminal velocitym/sm masskgg gravitational accelerationm/s²ρ densitykg/m³A aream²C_d drag coefficient
Spring force constant
k = F / x
k spring constantN/mF forceNx displacementm
Banked curve angle
tanθ = v² / (r·g)
θ angleradv velocitym/sr radiusmg gravitational accelerationm/s²